Cultural tendencies
In addition to goods and money, it is not only people who cross borders, but also images and messages, ideas and ideologies that are conveyed by global media. Crossing borders in the media creates a “global culture”, the content of which is primarily shaped by Western, especially American, ideas. The advances made in the field of information and communication technologies (from fax, laptop, mobile phone, internet to fiber optic technology and satellite communication) have also influenced the different national and regional cultures and sometimes changed them into everyday habits. In addition to these media and technological factors, global migration processes also contribute to the fact that different cultures come into contact with one another. With regard to migration, the question has arisen of how to respond to the challenge of immigration in ethnically homogeneous societies. It has to be decided on the one hand whether the culture of the immigrants should adapt to the majority culture of the respective nation state or whether it is tolerated within the framework of a “multicultural society” and on the other hand whether the immigrants should be granted political rights or not.
Internet control, the ban on satellite reception, moral discrimination against popular culture popular with the young generation all over the world, disapproval of the western lifestyle, including that of the emancipation of women, are intended to prevent this globalization of western culture and thus stabilize one’s own cultural identity. Extreme Islamic fundamentalism be seen. Like all religious fundamentalisms, it develops a latent willingness to use violence, which is only actualized through its politicization. The culture of a society influences the structure of its system of rule; as a political culture, it controls the categories of legitimacy and the mode of dealing with conflicts. Religion is also involved in this.
According to bittranslators.com, the globalization of the economy, cultural interactions and democratization will neither bring about a unified world culture nor eradicate national, ethnic and traditional identities. Treated sensitively, however, it can expand the tolerance level of the cultures.
Regional integration, regionalization and global governance
As individual countries increasingly come into economic and political competition with one another and try to strengthen their bargaining power through regional integration projects such as the EU, NAFTA and Mercosur, such alliances form a counterweight to the tendency towards multilateralism and universalism in the globalization process. Regional integration can, however, also be viewed as a constitutive element of globalization; On the one hand, it is a catalyst and orientation aid in the globalization process and, on the other hand, a complementary form of integration that offers individual countries the opportunity to at least partially isolate themselves from the rest of the world by forming regional trading blocs in order to prepare for competition with other economic regions.
The trend towards extensive site division and cross-border relocation of selected manufacturing activities, which is mostly highlighted in the context of globalization, is no longer relevant in all companies and economic branches of activity. Rather, z. For example, in the biotechnology or high-tech sector, the spatial proximity between producers, suppliers, specialized service providers and institutions is greatly enhanced. In addition to the mobile production factors, the spatial environment is gaining in importance. This as regionalization The process described does not, however, represent a counter-tendency to globalization, but is to be viewed as a corresponding process. A direct link between globalization and regionalization is that global companies are increasingly striving to establish their own organizational units in regions with an advantageous environment for producers, suppliers, service providers and others. Institutions to settle.
Due to the increased interdependence between states – caused by the increasingly cross-border effects of v. a. economic activity – many problems can no longer be solved by a nation-state going it alone. Furthermore, rules of the game and standards of a global framework, according to which the behavior of individuals, organizations and states should be based, are necessary. Against this background, “global governance” is often used in connection with globalization. Global governance means shaping the process of globalization politically: in the form of generally accepted rules of conduct for the solution of regional problems (e.g. the polluter pays principle, renunciation of force), as aid from the beneficiary to the disadvantaged part of the world and as a joint effort to overcome the truly common problems. The creation of a global structural and regulatory policy must enable the weaker members of the international family of states, primarily the developing countries, to participate in globalization with the same opportunities and rights as the economically more powerful countries.