Israel

Enlightenment and emancipation: The shock caused by Sabbatianism prepared the ground for a later Enlightenment in Judaism in Central and Western Europe (Haskala), whose goals […]

Middle Ages: After the Arab-Islamic conquest, the so-called »Omar Treaty« offered the »book religions« Judaism and Christianity (Ahl al-Kitab) a limited tolerance, which enabled the […]

Despite all religious exclusivity and demarcation, Judaism opened up in large parts of Hellenistic culture. Greek-speaking Jewish settlements sprang up throughout the Mediterranean, the largest […]

Beginnings: According to Jewish tradition, the history of Israel begins with the patriarchs. Abraham moves from his homeland to the land that is to be […]